The monodentate ligands that bear negative charges are negative ligands examples are
| Symbol | Name |
| F– | fluoro |
| I– | Iodo |
| CH3COO– | acetato |
| SO42- | sulphato |
| N3– | nitrido |
| H– | hydrido |
| CN– | cyano |
| NH2– | amide |
| O2– | oxo |
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed
CHEMISTRY
Prepare for your upcoming test with a comprehensive collection of Chemistry multiple-choice questions (MCQs), ranging from basic to advanced topics. These Chemistry MCQs cover various sections of the subject, providing you with valuable practice and boosting your chances of scoring well in the Chemistry portion of the test. Whether you’re a student or a job seeker preparing for exams, these MCQs will prove beneficial for your test preparation.
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Geometry of Molecules Based on Coordination Number
| Coordination Number | Geometric Structure |
| 2 | Linear |
| 3 | Trigonal planar, T-shaped, or trigonal pyramidal |
| 4 | Square planar or tetrahedral |
| 5 | Trigonal bipyramidal or square pyramid structures |
| 6 | Trigonal prism structure, hexagonal planar, or octahedral |
| 7 | Pentagonal bipyramidal, capped octahedron, or a capped trigonal prism structure. |
| 8 | Cubic, hexagonal bipyramidal, square antiprism, or dodecahedron |
| 9 | Three-face centered trigonal prism |
| 10 | A bicapped square antiprism structure |
| 11 | All faced capped trigonal prism structure |
| 12 | Cuboctahedron structure |
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed
Here is some information about polymers, elastomers and hydrogels
Q: What is an elastomer?
A: A polymer with elastic properties, meaning it can return to its original shape after being stretched or deformed.
Q: What is a common example of an elastomer?
A: Natural rubber.
Q: What is a hydrogel?
A: A polymer network that can absorb and retain large amounts of water.
Q: What is an example of a hydrogel?
A: Sodium polyacrylate, which is used in diapers.
Q: What is a dendrimer?
A: A highly branched, tree-like polymer with a well-defined structure.
Q: What is a tacticity?
A: Tacticity refers to the arrangement of chiral centers in a polymer chain, specifically the relative configuration of side groups.
Q: What are the three types of tacticity?
A: Isotactic, syndiotactic, and atactic.
Q: What is an isotactic polymer?
A: A polymer in which all the side groups have the same stereochemistry (e.g., all on the same side of the polymer backbone).
Q: What is a syndiotactic polymer?
A: A polymer in which the side groups have an alternating stereochemistry along the polymer backbone.
Q: What is an atactic polymer?
A: A polymer in which the side groups have a random stereochemistry along the polymer backbone.
Q: What is a biodegradable polymer?
A: A polymer that can be broken down into smaller molecules by biological processes, such as by microorganisms.
Q: What is an example of a biodegradable polymer?
A: Polylactic acid (PLA).
Q: What is a polymer’s molecular weight?
A: The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a polymer molecule.
Q: What is the significance of a polymer’s molecular weight distribution?
A: The molecular weight distribution affects the properties of a polymer, such as its mechanical strength, processability, and crystallinity.
Q: What is the process of breaking down a polymer into its monomers called?
A: Depolymerization.
Q: What is a polymer’s molar mass?
A: The mass of one mole of polymer molecules, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
Q: What is a common method for determining the molecular weight of a polymer?
A: Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
Q: What is the role of a catalyst in polymerization reactions?
A: A catalyst lowers the activation energy required for the reaction, increasing the rate of polymerization.
Q: What is an example of a catalyst used in the polymerization of ethylene?
A: Ziegler-Natta catalyst.
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed
Here is some information about polymers
Q: What is a polymer?
A: A polymer is a large molecule composed of many repeating smaller units called monomers.
Q: What are the two main categories of polymers?
A: Natural polymers and synthetic polymers.
Q: What is a common natural polymer?
A: Cellulose.
Q: What is a common synthetic polymer?
A: Polyethylene.
Q: What is the process of forming polymers from monomers called?
A: Polymerization.
Q: What are the two primary types of polymerization?
A: Addition (chain-growth) polymerization and condensation (step-growth) polymerization.
Q: What is the term for the number of monomer units in a polymer chain?
A: Degree of polymerization.
Q: What is the difference between a homopolymer and a copolymer?
A: A homopolymer consists of a single type of monomer, while a copolymer consists of two or more different types of monomers.
Q: What is a thermoplastic polymer?
A: A thermoplastic polymer is a polymer that can be melted and reprocessed multiple times without significant degradation.
Q: What is a thermosetting polymer?
A: A thermosetting polymer is a polymer that, once cured or hardened, cannot be re-melted or reprocessed.
Q: What is a common thermoplastic polymer?
A: Polypropylene (PP).
Q: What is a common thermosetting polymer?
A: Epoxy resin.
Q: What is a cross-linked polymer?
A: A polymer with covalent bonds connecting the polymer chains, resulting in a network structure.
Q: What is a common example of a cross-linked polymer?
A: Vulcanized rubber.
Q: What is a polymer’s glass transition temperature (Tg)?
A: The temperature at which a polymer transitions from a glassy, rigid state to a rubbery, more flexible state.
Q: What is a polymer’s melting temperature (Tm)?
A: The temperature at which a crystalline or semi-crystalline polymer transitions from a solid state to a molten, liquid state.
Q: What is a branched polymer?
A: A polymer with side chains extending from the main polymer backbone.
Q: What is a linear polymer?
A: A polymer with a single, unbranched chain of monomers.
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed
Here is a table showing some common old chemical names, their modern equivalents, and their chemical formulas:
| Old Name | Modern Name | Chemical Formula | ||||
| Aqua fortis | Nitric acid | HNO3 | ||||
| Oil of vitriol | Sulfuric acid | H2SO4 | ||||
| Muriatic acid | Hydrochloric acid | HCl | ||||
| Spirit of hartshorn | Ammonia | NH3 | ||||
| Epsom salts | Magnesium sulfate | MgSO4 | ||||
| Quicklime | Calcium oxide | CaO | ||||
| Milk of magnesia | Magnesium hydroxide | Mg(OH)2 | ||||
| Red lead | Lead tetraoxide | Pb3O4 | ||||
| Blue vitriol | Copper sulfate | CuSO4 | ||||
| Green vitriol | Iron(II) sulfate | FeSO4 | ||||
| Bicarbonate of soda | Sodium bicarbonate | NaHCO3 | ||||
| Caustic soda | Sodium hydroxide | NaOH | ||||
| Spirits of salt | Hydrochloric acid | HCl | ||||
| Marsh gas | Methane | CH4 | ||||
| Carbonate of magnesia | Magnesium carbonate | MgCO3 | ||||
| Lunar caustic | Silver nitrate | AgNO3 | ||||
| Oil of wintergreen | Methyl salicylate | C8H8O3 | ||||
| Vitriol of Mars | Ferric sulfate | Fe2(SO4)3 | ||||
| Alkali salts | Sodium carbonate | Na2CO3 | ||||
| Aqua ammonia | Ammonium hydroxide | NH4OH | ||||
| Aqua regia | Mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids | HNO3 and HCl | ||||
| Calomel | Mercury(I) chloride | Hg2Cl2 | ||||
| Carbolic acid | Phenol | C6H5OH | ||||
| Chalk | Calcium carbonate | CaCO3 | ||||
| Galena | Lead sulfide | PbS | ||||
| Glauber’s salt | Sodium sulfate | Na2SO4 | ||||
| Horn silver | Silver chloride | AgCl | ||||
| Lead acetate | Lead(II) acetate | Pb(CH3COO)2 | ||||
| Lime | Calcium hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 | ||||
| Potash | Potassium carbonate | K2CO3 | ||||
| Salt peter | Potassium nitrate | KNO3 | ||||
| Spelter | Zinc | Zn | ||||
| Sugar of lead | Lead(II) acetate | Pb(CH3COO)2 | ||||
| Tartar emetic | Potassium antimonyl tartrate | K2C4H2O6Sb | ||||
| White lead | Lead(II) carbonate | PbCO3 | ||||
| Zinc vitriol | Zinc sulfate | ZnSO4 | ||||
| Borax | Sodium borate | Na2B4O7 | ||||
| Black lead | Graphite | C | ||||
| Calomel | Mercurous chloride | Hg2Cl2 | ||||
| Caustic potash | Potassium hydroxide | KOH | ||||
| Celestine | Strontium sulfate | SrSO4 | ||||
| Chameleon mineral | Potassium permanganate | KMnO4 | ||||
| Copper pyrites | Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 | ||||
| Ether | Diethyl ether | (C2H5)2O | ||||
| Gypsum | Calcium sulfate | CaSO4 | ||||
| Heavy spar | Barite | BaSO4 | ||||
| Marble | Calcium carbonate | CaCO3 | ||||
| Native soda | Sodium carbonate | Na2CO3 | ||||
| Nitre | Potassium nitrate | KNO3 | ||||
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed
What is a mixture of Potassium Nitrate Powdered Charcoal and Sulphur called?
A. Paint
B. Glass
C. Gun Powder
D. Cement
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed
Covalent network crystals have_____________?
A. higher melting point then molecular crystals
B. lower melting point then molecular crystals
C. discrete molecules linked by Van der waals forces
D. hydrogen bonding
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed
All of the following substances are crystalline except_____________?
A. Ice
B. Diamond
C. Sucrose
D. Plastic
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed
Some substances are good conductor of electricity in both the solid and liquid states. These substances are generally______________?
A. ionic substances
B. metallic substances
C. molecular solids
D. covalent network solids
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed
Which of the following is a substance?
A. Sea water
B. Brass
C. Tape water
D. Graphite
E. Sand
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed