| Old Name | Modern Name | Chemical Formula | ||||
| Aqua fortis | Nitric acid | HNO3 | ||||
| Oil of vitriol | Sulfuric acid | H2SO4 | ||||
| Muriatic acid | Hydrochloric acid | HCl | ||||
| Spirit of hartshorn | Ammonia | NH3 | ||||
| Epsom salts | Magnesium sulfate | MgSO4 | ||||
| Quicklime | Calcium oxide | CaO | ||||
| Milk of magnesia | Magnesium hydroxide | Mg(OH)2 | ||||
| Red lead | Lead tetraoxide | Pb3O4 | ||||
| Blue vitriol | Copper sulfate | CuSO4 | ||||
| Green vitriol | Iron(II) sulfate | FeSO4 | ||||
| Bicarbonate of soda | Sodium bicarbonate | NaHCO3 | ||||
| Caustic soda | Sodium hydroxide | NaOH | ||||
| Spirits of salt | Hydrochloric acid | HCl | ||||
| Marsh gas | Methane | CH4 | ||||
| Carbonate of magnesia | Magnesium carbonate | MgCO3 | ||||
| Lunar caustic | Silver nitrate | AgNO3 | ||||
| Oil of wintergreen | Methyl salicylate | C8H8O3 | ||||
| Vitriol of Mars | Ferric sulfate | Fe2(SO4)3 | ||||
| Alkali salts | Sodium carbonate | Na2CO3 | ||||
| Aqua ammonia | Ammonium hydroxide | NH4OH | ||||
| Aqua regia | Mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids | HNO3 and HCl | ||||
| Calomel | Mercury(I) chloride | Hg2Cl2 | ||||
| Carbolic acid | Phenol | C6H5OH | ||||
| Chalk | Calcium carbonate | CaCO3 | ||||
| Galena | Lead sulfide | PbS | ||||
| Glauber’s salt | Sodium sulfate | Na2SO4 | ||||
| Horn silver | Silver chloride | AgCl | ||||
| Lead acetate | Lead(II) acetate | Pb(CH3COO)2 | ||||
| Lime | Calcium hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 | ||||
| Potash | Potassium carbonate | K2CO3 | ||||
| Salt peter | Potassium nitrate | KNO3 | ||||
| Spelter | Zinc | Zn | ||||
| Sugar of lead | Lead(II) acetate | Pb(CH3COO)2 | ||||
| Tartar emetic | Potassium antimonyl tartrate | K2C4H2O6Sb | ||||
| White lead | Lead(II) carbonate | PbCO3 | ||||
| Zinc vitriol | Zinc sulfate | ZnSO4 | ||||
| Borax | Sodium borate | Na2B4O7 | ||||
| Black lead | Graphite | C | ||||
| Calomel | Mercurous chloride | Hg2Cl2 | ||||
| Caustic potash | Potassium hydroxide | KOH | ||||
| Celestine | Strontium sulfate | SrSO4 | ||||
| Chameleon mineral | Potassium permanganate | KMnO4 | ||||
| Copper pyrites | Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 | ||||
| Ether | Diethyl ether | (C2H5)2O | ||||
| Gypsum | Calcium sulfate | CaSO4 | ||||
| Heavy spar | Barite | BaSO4 | ||||
| Marble | Calcium carbonate | CaCO3 | ||||
| Native soda | Sodium carbonate | Na2CO3 | ||||
| Nitre | Potassium nitrate | KNO3 | ||||
Submitted by :- Jamil Ahmed